Video 29.1 Anatomical relationship esophagus - posterior wall LA.
Video 29.2 Left-sided SVC and left azygos vein.
Video 29.3 Opened pericardium, anatomy, and dissection of the reflection IVC-RIPV.
Video 29.4 Dissection of the reflection of the RSPV and SVC.
Video 29.5 Positioning guidance catheter in the left PVs and bipolar bidirectional clamping of the LIPV, LSPV, and left SVC.
Video 29.6 View of ablation line antral isolation LIPV, LSPV, and left SVC.
Video 29.7 Ablation inferior line with bipolar unidirectional catheter.
Video 29.8 Ablation base LAA.
Video 29.9 Ablation roof line with bipolar unidirectional catheter.
Video 29.10 Positioning guidance catheter at the level of RIPV.
Video 29.11 Positioning guidance catheter at the level of RSPV.
Video 29.12 Bipolar bidirectional clamping of the RIPV and RSPV.
Video 29.13 Exclusion LAA with clip.
Video 31.1 Atrial fibrillation ablation without the use of fluoroscopy.
Video 34.1 ICE image of attempt to maintain contact on the tip of the ALPM with the ablation catheter.
Video 34.2 ICE image of attempt to maintain contact on the tip of the PMPM with the ablation catheter.
Video 34.3 RAO fluoroscopy of attempt to maintain contact on the tip of the ALPM with the ablation catheter.
Video 34.4 LAO fluoroscopy of attempt to maintain contact on the tip of the ALPM with the ablation catheter.
Video 34.5 Video of CartoSound with projected green ablation catheter tip demonstrating poor contact and stability.
Video 34.6 ICE image of cryoablation catheter adherent (frozen) onto tip of ALPM with good stability.
Video 34.7 ICE image of cryoablation catheter adherent (frozen) onto tip of PMPM with good stability.
Video 34.8 RAO fluoroscopy of cryoablation catheter adherent (frozen) onto tip of ALPM with good stability.
Video 34.9 LAO fluoroscopy of cryoablation catheter adherent (frozen) onto tip of ALPM with good stability.
Video 41.1 LV apical thrombus. Shown is a TTE clip of an echocontrast-enhanced view of the LV apex in a patient with prior anteroapical infarction. The echocontrast reveals an egg-shaped mass in the apex of the LV. The mass had mobile components and was considered a contraindication to endocardial catheter ablation in this patient.
Video 41.2 Epicardial access. Shown are right anterior oblique (A) and left anterior oblique (B) views of access to the epicardium. A residual blush of contrast material is seen in the pericardial space just inferior and lateral to the ICD lead.
Video 41.2 Epicardial access. Shown are right anterior oblique (A) and left anterior oblique (B) views of access to the epicardium. A residual blush of contrast material is seen in the pericardial space just inferior and lateral to the ICD lead.
Video 41.3 Monitoring the epicardial space for fluid accumulation. Shown is an electroanatomic map on the left and a corresponding ICE slice on the right. The view shown allows for monitoring of the amount of pericardial fluid during the case. The fluid can be the result of irrigation fluid, which is expected, or accumulation of unsuspected slow bleeding.
Electroanatomic voltage mapping, an epicardial example. Shown here is electroanatomic voltage mapping performed on a shell of the heart generated by ICE and point-by-point mapping. The color coding depicts low voltages as red and increasing voltages through yellow, green, and blue, up to a normal voltage, which is purple.
Video 41.5 LV shell construction using ICE. Shown here are slices generated by annotated ICE clips compiled to create a 3-dimensional shell of the endocardial surface of the LV. On the right, the ICE clip from a representative slice is shown.
Video 41.6 ICE clip in a patient with Dor LV reconstruction. Shown is a clip from the patient depicted in Figure 41.8. The Dor patch is the hyperreflective area seen from approximately 4 to 5 o'clock in the image. The ablation catheter is seen curving through the LV chamber with the tip at the septal aspect of the patch.
Video 42.1 Right anterior oblique (RAO) view during the ablation procedure of a patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia and multiple discharges by the ICD. Two diagnostic catheters were positioned at the RVA and the CS. The ablation catheter was progressed via transseptal approach to the left ventricle, using a long deflectable sheath.
Video 42.2 The left anterior oblique (LAO) view of the same patient shown in Video 42.1.
Video 42.3 Bipolar voltage map of the left ventricle. The color display is set to a color range of 0.5 to 1.5 mV to distinguish the limits of the scar; normal voltages (1.5 mV) are color coded in purple, and abnormal lowamplitude potentials are color coded in blue to red (the latter representing the lowest amplitudes).
Video 42.4 Activation map during sinus rhythm in the same patient displayed in Video 42.2. Note that the area where the LPs are recorded is activated lately, in comparison with the rest of the left ventricle.
Video 42.5 Propagation map during sinus rhythm in the same patient displayed in Videos 42.2 and 42.3.
Video 42.6 Bipolar voltage map of the left ventricle after ablation in the same patient shown in previous videos. Note that the area treated by RF applications is relatively small in comparison with the totality of the scar.