Video 26.1 Substrate mapping in BrS patient with normal ECG pattern. The video is derived from CARTO3 view. Top panel shows two columns with the live ECG and EGM
(left) and the acquired point (right) at 200 mm/seconds speed. The baseline ECG is not showing the typical BrS ECG pattern in V1 and V2 placed at second intercostal space. Bottom panel shows the epicardial potential
duration map (PDM), which is derived from the acquisition of each EGM. During epicardial mapping, no abnormally prolonged EGMs could be observed as the duration of each EGM recoded in the RV epicardium
is less than 160 ms.
Amplification of the ECG tracings in CARTO is
0.32 mV, in order to better appreciate the EGM abnormalities. [00:54]
Video 26.2 Substrate mapping in type 1 Brugada ECG pattern. The video is derived from CARTO3 view. Same panel representation as in Video 26.1, top panel shows ECG and EGM, while bottom panel shows morphology
of the RV epicardium. In presence of type 1 ECG pattern (as shown in V1 and V2), the Decapolar catheter records abnormally prolonged and delayed EGMs with a duration > 160 ms. The entire region of RV exhibiting such abnormalities is shown in purple, representing
the Brugada substrate as target for epicardial
ablation. Yellow and black dots marked in the purple area indicate the abnormally prolonged EGMs, which are characterized by wide fragmentation and/or discrete and delayed double activity. [00:40]
Video 29.1 Access to the endocardial LV using a
transaortic approach via standard aortotomy above the sinotubular junction. [00:06]
Video 29.2 Access to the endocardial LV via an apical ventriculotomy. [01:07]
Video 42.1 RAO fluoroscopy of contrast injection via needle entering the inferior epicardial space with contrast flowing under the inferior LV. An ICE catheter is visible in the RV outflow tract, and a quadripolar catheter is at the RV apex. [00:05]
Video 42.2 LAO fluoroscopy of contrast injection via needle entering the inferior epicardial space with contrast flowing under the inferior LV. An ICE catheter is visible in the RV outflow tract, and a quadripolar catheter is at the RV apex. [00:05]
Video 42.3 LAO fluoroscopy of a wire advancing from inferior epicardial access site over the lateral LV to the anterior wall and down over the RV free wall. An ICE catheter is visible in the RV outflow tract, and a quadripolar catheter is at the RV apex. [00:15]
Video 42.4 RAO fluoroscopy of contrast injection via needle entering the anterior epicardial space with contrast and a wire over the anterior RV. An ICE catheter is visible in the RV outflow tract, a quadripolar catheter at the anterior RV acute margin, a Decapolar
catheter in the middle cardiac vein, and ICD lead on the apical RV free wall. [00:09]
Video 42.5 LAO fluoroscopy of contrast injection via needle entering the anterior epicardial space with contrast and a wire over the anterior RV. An ICE catheter is visible in the RV outflow tract, a quadripolar catheter at the anterior RV acute margin, a Decapolar
catheter in the middle cardiac vein, and ICD lead on the apical RV free wall. [00:09]
Video 42.6 Fluoroscopy (RAO on the left, LAO on the right) of access via inferior approach to patient with ARVC and prior hemopericardium. Contrast injection over the LV demonstrates loculation of the contrast over the LV, contained by adhesions over the RV. [00:05]
Video 42.7 Fluoroscopy and ICE images of epicardial access attempts in a patient with prior myopericarditis and dense adhesions. Panel A (RAO) and Panel B (LAO): Anterior access with the needle and contrast injection into a loculated space over the RV free wall.
Panel C (RAO) and Panel D (LAO): Inferior approach with contrast injection loculated over the inferior wall. Panel E: ICE of the RV free wall with contained hematoma visible in the epicardial space. Panel F: ICE of the apical RV with contained hematoma visible in the epicardial space. [00:14]
Video 42.8 Fluoroscopy of a patient with prior CABG undergoing epicardial access via lateral thoracotomy. Manipulation with the ablation catheter disrupts some adhesions on the lateral wall. [00:20]
Video 42.9 Fluoroscopy of a patient with prior CABG undergoing epicardial access via lateral thoracotomy. Manipulation with surgical suction probe disrupts more dense adhesions on the inferior wall. [00:18]
Video 42.10 Fluoroscopy of a patient with prior CABG undergoing epicardial access via lateral thoracotomy. The mapping and RF ablation catheter is positioned on the inferolateral wall, with the surgical CryoFlex ablation probe placed alongside it. [00:05]